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Szemerédi's theorem : ウィキペディア英語版
Szemerédi's theorem
Szemerédi's theorem is a result in arithmetic combinatorics, concerning arithmetic progressions in subsets of the integers. In 1936, Erdős and Turán conjectured that every set of integers ''A'' with positive natural density contains a ''k'' term arithmetic progression for every ''k''. This conjecture, which became Szemerédi's theorem, generalizes the statement of Van der Waerden's theorem.
==Statement==
A subset ''A'' of the natural numbers is said to have positive upper density if
:\limsup_\frac > 0.
Szemerédi's theorem asserts that a subset of the natural numbers with positive upper density contains infinite arithmetic progressions of length ''k'' for all positive integers ''k''.
An often-used equivalent finitary version of the theorem states that for every positive integer ''k'' and real number \delta \in (0, 1], there exists a positive integer
:N = N(k,\delta)\,
such that every subset of of size at least δ''N'' contains an arithmetic progression of length ''k''.
Another formulation uses the function ''r''''k''(''N''), the size of the largest subset of without an arithmetic progression of length ''k''. Szemerédi's theorem is equivalent to the asymptotic bound
:r_k(N) = o(N).
That is, ''r''''k''(''N'') grows less than linearly with ''N''.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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